Steel structure is a structure composed of steel materials and is one of the main types of building structures. The structure is mainly composed of steel beams, columns, trusses and other components made of section steel and steel plates, and adopts rust and rust prevention processes such as silanization, pure manganese phosphating, water washing and drying, and galvanizing. Welds, bolts, or rivets are usually used to connect various components or components. Due to its lightweight and easy construction, it is widely used in large factories, venues, super high-rise buildings and other fields. Steel structures are prone to rusting, and generally require rust removal, galvanizing, or coating, as well as regular maintenance.
The characteristics of steel are high strength, light weight, good overall stiffness, and strong resistance to deformation, making it particularly suitable for constructing large-span, ultra-high, and ultra-heavy buildings; The material has good homogeneity and isotropy, belongs to the ideal elastic body, and most conforms to the basic assumptions of general engineering mechanics; The material has good plasticity and toughness, can undergo significant deformation, and can withstand dynamic loads well; Short construction period; It has a high degree of industrialization and can carry out specialized production with a high degree of mechanization.
High strength steel should be studied in steel structures to greatly improve their yield point strength; In addition, new types of steel profiles, such as H-beams (also known as wide flange steel), T-beams, and profiled steel plates, need to be rolled to meet the needs of large-span structures and super high-rise buildings.
In addition, there is a light steel structure system without a thermal bridge, and the building itself is not energy-saving. This technology solves the problem of cold and hot bridges in buildings with clever special connectors; The small truss structure allows cables and drainage pipes to pass through the wall, making construction and decoration convenient.
characteristic
1. High material strength and light weight
Steel has high strength and elastic modulus. Compared with concrete and wood, the ratio of density to yield strength is relatively low. Therefore, under the same stress conditions, the section of steel structures is small, the self weight is light, and it is easy to transport and install. It is suitable for structures with large spans, high height=100%s, and load-bearing capacity.
2. Steel has toughness, good plasticity, uniform material, and high structural reliability
Suitable for withstanding impact and dynamic loads, with good seismic performance. The internal structure of the steel is uniform, almost isotropic and homogeneous. The actual working performance of steel structures is in line with computational theory. So steel structures have high reliability.
3. High degree of mechanization in steel structure manufacturing and installation
Steel structural components are easy to manufacture in factories and assemble on construction sites. Mechanized manufacturing of steel structural components in factories results in high precision, high production efficiency, fast on-site assembly speed, and short construction period. Steel structure is the most industrialized type of structure.
4. Good sealing performance of steel structures
Due to the welding structure, it can achieve complete sealing and can be used as high-pressure vessels, large oil tanks, pressure pipelines, etc. with good airtightness and water tightness.
5. Steel structures are heat-resistant but not fire-resistant
When the temperature is below 150 ℃, there is little change in the properties of the steel. Therefore, steel structures are suitable for hot workshops, but when the surface of the structure is exposed to thermal radiation of around 150 ℃, insulation boards should be used to protect it. When the temperature is between 300 ℃ -400 ℃, the strength and elastic modulus of the steel both significantly decrease. When the temperature is around 600 ℃, the strength of the steel tends to zero. In buildings with special fire protection requirements, steel structures must be protected with refractory materials to improve their fire resistance rating.
6. Poor corrosion resistance of steel structures
Especially in humid and corrosive environments, it is prone to rusting. Generally, steel structures need to be rust removed, galvanized or coated, and regular maintenance is required. Special measures such as zinc block anode protection should be taken to prevent corrosion of offshore platform structures located in seawater.
7. Low carbon, energy-saving, green and environmentally friendly, reusable
The demolition of steel structure buildings hardly produces construction waste, and steel can be recycled and reused.